Find out more about the circular economy at the Ellen MacArthur Foundation
Sources & Notes:
- http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/damage1980.asp
- http://www.wunderground.com/hurricane/damage.asp
- http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=1910 Whitehead, J.C., 2003: "One million dollars per mile? The opportunity costs of Hurricane evacuation", Ocean and Coastal Management 46, 1069.
- http://forecast.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/shadow/docs/Pielkeetal2006a.pdf (estimates of costs if historical hurricanes hit today)
- http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/averages.php
- http://www.opensecrets.org/pfds/index.php
- http://www.opensecrets.org/parties/index.php
- http://www.opensecrets.org/pres04/index.php?cycle=2004
- http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/index.php
- http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/
- http://mashable.com/2011/10/05/social-network-ad-revenues10-billion/
- http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2010/full_list/
- http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/medicare-loses-nearly-four-times-much-money-health-insurers-make_552860.html
- http://www.nber.org/digest/dec03/w9720.html
- http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2010NCSE_Public_Tables_Endowment_Market_Values_Final.pdf
- http://thinkprogress.org/security/2011/09/14/319109/report-what-has-55-billion-in-aid-done-for-somalia/
- http://www.usatoday.com/news/military/2010-05-12-afghan_N.htm
- http://www.eli.org/Program_Areas/innovation_governance_energy.cfm
- http://inewp.com/?p=8824
- http://www.eli.org/pdf/Energy_Subsidies_Black_Not_Green.pdf
- http://costofwar.com/en/publications/2011/analysis-fiscal-year-2012-pentagon-spending-request/
- http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/23/business/economy/23fed.html
- http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/estimate-for-deporting-illegal-immigrants-94-billion/
- http://wowktv.com/story.cfm?func=viewstory&storyid=104240
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/economics/econ_facts/
- http://mobility.tamu.edu/ums/
- http://www.insurancenetworking.com/news/risk_management_natural_disasters_economic_losses_earthquakes_insurance-26963-1.html
- http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704124504576118421859347048.html
- http://en.hdhod.com/Busy-and-valuable-Bees-are-worth-220-billion-dollars-a-year_a141.html
- http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/world-cup-2010/8749931/Qatar-World-Cup-in-2022-could-cost-138-billion-according-to-financial-analyst.html
- http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-caused-up-to-235-billion-in-damages-world-bank-says/2011/03/21/ABtzwn4_story.html
- http://www.grist.org/list/2011-07-15-2011-climate-disasters-cost-a-record-265-billion
- http://www.rdmag.com/uploadedFiles/RD/White_Papers/2010/05/nsf10322.pdf
- http://www.givingusareports.org/products/GivingUSA_2011_ExecSummary_Print.pdf
- http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/10taxstatscard.pdf
- http://www.irs.gov/taxstats/article/0,,id=102886,00.html
- http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/16/us-usa-coal-study-idUSTRE71F4X820110216
- http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/CM.MKT.LCAP.CD
- http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/5de6ef96-8b95-11db-a61f-0000779e2340.html#axzz1afC0CLMR
- http://www.fms.treas.gov/fr/10frusg/10guide.pdf
- http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/124xx/doc12461/2011_10_07_MBR.pdf
- http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/02/01/us/budget.html
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/hist15z1.xls
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/hist02z1.xls
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/hist02z4.xls
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/hist02z5.xls
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/receipts.pdf (pp. 196-)
- http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/100xx/doc10068/effective_tax_rates_2006.pdf
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/27_14.pdf
- http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2012/assets/hist.pdf All historical tables
- http://www.cbo.gov/publications/collections/tax/2010/AverageFedTaxRates2007.pdf
- http://www.gpoaccess.gov/usbudget/fy11/pdf/spec.pdf (pp. 171-)
- http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/120xx/doc12039/01-26_fy2011outlook.pdf
- http://www.geohive.com/charts/ec_gdp4.aspx
- http://www.heritage.org/Index/Explore.aspx?view=by-variables
- https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html
- http://reference.wolfram.com/mathematica/ref/CountryData.html
- National Governors Association & National Association of State Budget Officers, "The Fiscal Survey of States", Spring 2011 http://nasbo.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=yNV8Jv3X7Is%3d&tabid=38
- http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB71/EIB71.pdf Consumer fruit prices
- http://www.numismaticnews.net/article/Gold_all_there_when_Ft_Knox_opened_doors
- http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2010-03-17-cancer17_ST_N.htm Cost of cancer treatment as of 2008
- http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/tables/dt10_188.asp?referrer=list Total spending on primary/secondary education
- http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaq5.html#cocacola Historical Coca Cola prices
- http://www.costhelper.com/cost/games/singing-voice-lesson.html Singing lessons
- http://www.smartbrief.com/news/aaf/storyDetails.jsp?issueid=7C14BA2F-D0EC-4F22-9D91-F31BB8264AA6©id=C0D7202E-E554-4149-A0BC-47B0391D09F4 Coca Cola advertising budget
- www.nirs.org/factsheets/mdatwhatcostfactsheet.pdf Moody's nuclear power installed cost estimate
- http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/mar/25/china-renewable-energy-pew-research#data China renewable energy investment
- http://californiasolarstatistics.ca.gov/reports/quarterly_cost_per_watt/ Solar (California only)
- Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2005 By Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD, International Energy Agency http://books.google.com/books?id=1xqXF_pIn2AC&lpg=PA8&ots=ZVLs3LkLbs&dq=solar%20plants%20overnight%20cost%20kWe&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false
- http://www.industryleadersmagazine.com/marriage-majestic-william-kate-wedding-to-cost-70-million/ William and Kate's wedding prices
- http://www.history.navy.mil/library/online/navycvn21.htm Nimitz carrier cost
- http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/articles/20090412.aspx Ford carrier cost
- http://ctmirror.org/story/magnet-school-costs-strain-state-local-budgets Magnet schools
- http://www.21csf.org/csf-home/Documents/FactSheetPK12PublicSchoolFacilityInfrastructure.pdf School construction/etc costs
- http://www.21csf.org/csf-home/publications/BEST-Growth-Disparity-2006.pdf School costs
- http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/MID11TSM.PDF Costs of post-9/11 security
- http://www.thecrimereport.org/archive/anticrime-costs-hit-167-billion-prisons-cited Anticrime spending
- http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2016231/480-cloaks--160-wand-41-500-tuition-How-REALLY-cost-send-child-Hogwarts.html Hogwarts tuition
- http://web.archive.org/web/20061207132919/http://www.dsca.mil/programs/HA/HUMANITARIAN%20DAILY%20RATIONS.pdf Humanitarian aid rations
- http://www.bread.org/hunger/us/facts.html Poverty details
- http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0709.pdf Poverty details
- http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/04/editorials/hungry_us_children.htm Hunger
- http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/00000.html Households in US
- http://www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2011/03/16/tax-prep-costs-how-much-will-it-cost-to-get-your-taxes-done/ Tax prep estimates
- http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/00000.html Misc
- http://americanhistory.si.edu/subs/history/timeline/cost/index.html Nuclear spending
- Baker, A. D. III (1998). Combat Fleets of the World, 1998-1999. USA. p. 1005. ISBN 1557501114. Submarine cost
- http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/tobacco-control-advocacy/reports-resources/cessation-economic-benefits/states/united-states.html Smoking economic cost
- http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2009-04-08-fda-tobacco-costs_N.htm Contrary story on economic costs
- ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce/share/2010/age.txt Consumer costs
- http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2010/tables/10s1151.pdf Credit cards
- http://publications.milliman.com/research/health-rr/pdfs/cancer-patients-receiving-chemotherapy.pdf Chemotherapy
- http://traveltips.usatoday.com/average-cost-hawaii-vacation-two-34699.html Hawaii
- http://www.cbayresort.com/promos/HarmonyRomance/ Resort week
- http://www.aspca.org/adoption/pet-care-costs.aspx Pet ownership
- http://www.farmandranchguide.com/news/regional/price-for-brazil-s-farmland-depends-on-fertility-location/article_e7d72bfb-fa69-5245-9977-f2858e975e56.html Rainforest land per acre
- http://www.telecomsmarketresearch.com/research/TMAAAYYD-US-Average-Monthly-Smartphone-Bill-Vendor-Operating-System.shtml Monthly smartphone/regular phone bills
- http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/12statab/income.pdf Income
- http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=3151 Federal income, effective
- http://www.quickanded.com/2010/02/effective-tax-rates-of-the-richest-400-americans.html
- http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/reader-response-how-much-americans-actually-pay-in-taxes-part-ii/
- http://www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/taxes/2011-05-05-tax-cut-record-low_n.htm Wish I had a better source for the 23.6% number. Anyone have Julie Snyder's phone number?
- http://www.bts.gov/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_17.html Used/new cars
- http://www.census.gov/const/uspriceann.pdf Median home prices
- http://www.valoans.com/bah-rates-mha.cfm?state=MASSACHUSETTS&mha=MA120 Basic Allowance for Housing
- http://www.tylernewton.com/files/economic-growth-and-equity-investing.pdf Stock market long-term growth
- http://ehbs.kff.org/pdf/8226.pdf Health insurance premiums
- http://www.thesupercars.org/top-cars/most-expensive-cars-in-the-world-top-10-list/ Most expensive production car
- http://abcnews.go.com/Business/Inauguration/story?id=6665946&page=1 More inauguration data
- http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/DC-Decoder/2011/0215/US-aid-to-Egypt-What-does-it-buy Annual military aid to Egypt
- http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/87xx/doc8758/11-13-lt-health.pdf Health care spending
- http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1809002 Eisenach, Jeffrey A. and Caves, Kevin W., Evaluating the Cost-Effectiveness of RUS Broadband Subsidies: Three Case Studies (April 13, 2011). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1809002
- http://www.statesman.com/business/personal-finance/put-away-4-million-to-be-independently-upper-1595445.html?printArticle=y Amount needed to live comfortably off investments
- http://boxofficemojo.com/yearly/ Yearly box office take
- http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/records/100million.php Nominal $100,000,000+ box-office movies
- http://www.bookstats.org/ Book publishing industry
- http://205.254.135.24/steo/wf-table.pdf Household heating
- http://www.jct.gov/publications.html?func=startdown&id=3718 Tax expenditures
- http://motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2011/06/getting-handle-tax-expenditures Tax expenditure context
- http://www.jct.gov/publications.html?func=startdown&id=3740 Background on tax expenditure methodology
- http://blogs.mccombs.utexas.edu/titman/2010/03/01/more-thoughts-on-the-value-of-saudi-aramco/ Saudi Aramco market cap estimate
- http://www.rms.com/Publications/1938_Great_New_England_Hurricane.pdf New England Hurricane assessment
- http://www.air-worldwide.com/PublicationsItem.aspx?id=18484 Disasters today
- http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/mandias/38hurricane/hurricane_future.html Long Island hurricanes
- http://www.insurancejournal.com/news/national/2009/09/11/103694.htm 9/11 insured losses
- http://money.cnn.com/2011/02/03/news/companies/super_bowl_ads/index.htm Super Bowl ads
- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/iraq_reconstruction_costs.htm Iraq reconstruction
- http://www.nyc.gov/html/dof/html/pdf/10pdf/annual_report_fy10.pdf NYC real estate
- http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/foundation/3/37/2011-12_Wikimedia_Foundation_Plan_FINAL_FOR_WEBSITE_.pdf Wikimedia revenues
- http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=711 Better state shortfall information
- http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/taxtopics/baseline-distribution-tables-2.cfm A bunch of effective tax rate tables, roughly match federal CBO numbers for 2006, may substitute in revenue tables except it'd mean re-fitting the curves
- http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/displayatab.cfm?Docid=3152&DocTypeID=5 Alternative tax proposals
- http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/displayatab.cfm?Docid=3163&DocTypeID=1 Effective federal tax rates
- http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/displayatab.cfm?Docid=3222&DocTypeID=2 9-9-9 plan
- http://www.itepnet.org/whopays3.pdf Effective state and local breakdown by quintiles!!
- http://abcnews.go.com/Business/unclaimed-money-16-billion-unredeemed-treasury-bonds/story?id=13841871 Unclaimed savings bonds
- http://www.portfolio.com/news-markets/national-news/portfolio/2008/08/13/Monetary-Value-of-Harvard-University/ Harvard finances
- http://progressreport.cancer.gov/doc_detail.asp?pid=1&did=2007&chid=75&coid=726&mid Better cancer spending numbers
- http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/statcomps/supplement/2011/3b.html Worker pay
- The State of Working America, 2008/2009 By Lawrence Mishel, Jared Bernstein, Heidi Shierholz CEO pay ratios
- http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/scf/files/2007_scf09.pdf Consumer Finance report (percentiles)
- http://taxpolicycenter.org/numbers/displayatab.cfm?DocID=2879 Income percentiles
- http://www.bls.gov/cex/2010/Standard/quintile.pdf Consumer expenditures by quintile
- http://www.economicmobility.org/assets/pdfs/EMP_WealthandEconomicMobility_ChapterIV.pdf More on wealth distribution, matches 2007 SCF data
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2011/09/21/inside-the-list-facts-and-figures/ Forbes 400 (US) weatlh
- http://www.census.gov/population/popclockworld.html World population (Differs from UN estimate by 0.4%)
- http://samsclub.com/ Coca Cola wholesale prices ($7.72 / 24 cans)
- http://techcrunch.com/2011/10/04/mobile-ad-spending-65-percent-2011/ Mobile advertising spending
- http://www.rwa.org/cs/the_romance_genre/romance_literature_statistics/industry_statistics Romance publishing industry
- http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=5&step=1 GDP by industry better breakdown
- http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/05/news/economy/AAA_study/ Car accident cost
- http://content.usatoday.com/sportsdata/baseball/mlb/salaries/team Sports team salaries
- http://www.develop-online.net/news/33625/Study-Average-dev-cost-as-high-as-28m Video game dev costs
- http://money.cnn.com/2005/12/22/pf/meals_averagecost/ Average restaurant costs
- http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2011/09/24/opinion/sunday/20110925_BITTMAN_MARSHgph.html?ref=sunday Dinner comparisons
- http://www.apple.com/ Apple products
- http://www.amazon.com/Kindle-eReader-eBook-Reader-e-Reader-Special-Offers/dp/B0051QVESA Kindle products
- http://www.amazon.com/gp/most-gifted/pc/1232596011 Netbooks
- http://www.costhelper.com/cost/wedding/groom-tuxedo.html Suit prices
- http://www.costhelper.com/cost/fitness/bike.html Bicycle prices
- http://www.edmunds.com/tco.html Car TCOs
- http://boards.straightdope.com/sdmb/showthread.php?t=388574 Change value
- http://www.zagat.com/buzz/2012-america%E2%80%99s-top-restaurants-guide-available-now More cost/meal (agrees with CNN 2005 * inflation)
- http://www.rolypoly.com/news/articles/R&I%202009%20Top%20400%20Restaurant%20Chains.pdf Cost/meal
- http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RS22926.pdf Cost of US wars
- http://www.cdi.org/issues/milspend.html Cold War defense outlays
- http://finance-data.com/series/GDP GDP by year
- http://www.workmall.com/wfb2010/world/world_economy.html 2009 world GDP
- http://www.conference-board.org/data/globaloutlook.cfm 2011 world GDP estimated
- http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/01/the-fine-print-on-the-debt-deal/ Polling on increasing or cutting different categories--uses data from General Social Survey 2010
- http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/11/07/the-rising-age-gap-in-economic-well-being/?src=prc-headline Old and young median net worth
- http://www.isda.org/statistics/pdf/ISDA-Market-Survey-annual-data.pdf Credit market sizes
- http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1993/0JRSS.php Jurassic Park budget
- http://money.cnn.com/news/storysupplement/economy/bailouttracker/ Bailouts in general
- http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7893574.stm Second auto bailout
- http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/business/20auto.html?_r=2&hp First auto bailout
- http://www.fdic.gov/bank/analytical/banking/2000dec/brv13n2_2.pdf S&L bailout cost
- http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/z1/current/z1.pdf Debt, general accounts
- http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/key_workplace/865/ Upper-income quintile tax curve
- http://news.softpedia.com/news/Shuffle-Through-Bill-Gates-039-Codex-Leicester-by-Leonardo-da-Vinci-47122.shtml Codex Leicester
- Chapter 3, "The matter of money", in Jayasuriya, Sisira and Peter McCawley, "The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction after a Disaster". Asian tsunami aid
- http://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/0/34D7008FAD7FA8AD8525750400712AEB/$File/White+Paper+%28Dec.+2010%29.pdf EPA life value
- http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s1299.pdf Foreign aid
- http://www.recovery.gov/Transparency/fundingoverview/Pages/fundingbreakdown.aspx 2009 stimulus (better)
- Stamp weight: 0.025 grams Original research—took 4 stamps to get a gram scale to register 0.1g
- http://databases.sun-sentinel.com/news/education/ftlaudSchoolConstruction/ftlaudSchoolConstruction_list.php?ctlSearchFor=&simpleSrchTypeComboNot=&a=integrated&id=1&criteria=and&type1=&value11=school&field1=Type_Of_Addition&option1=Contains¬1= Typical new school
- http://www.kingabdullahcity.com/en/aboutkaec/InvestorRelations.html King Abdullah Economic City budget
- http://www.dubaichronicle.com/2011/11/15/7-billion-euros-contract-for-high-speed-railway-awarded/ KAEC high-speed rail
- http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d09403t.pdf Missile defense
- http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1987/10/strategic-defense-how-much-will-it-really-cost SDI (Star Wars) estimated cost 1987-1997
- http://www.amazon.com/American-Standard-2386-010-020-Elongated-Two-Piece/dp/B000ZH8TKQ/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&qid=1321409611&sr=8-3 Toilet weight: 78 lbs
- http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm Density of porcelain: 2403 kg/m^3
- http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/electricity_generation.html Cost of various sources of electricity
- http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/roads/environment/rtfo/govrecrfa.pdf Biofuel carbon footprint
- http://205.254.135.24/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=97&t=3 US DOE FAQ: average household electricity usage in 2009: 10896 kWh/year
- http://205.254.135.24/consumption/residential/data/2009/ Total homes
- http://www.gwu.edu/~slavic/golosa/ruble.htm Closest I could get to USSR ruble effective exchange rate
- http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10393.pdf University endowments
- http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html US population
- http://www.coc.org/files/nowandFuture.pdf Incomes
- http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0059.pdf Better household numbers
- http://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=tea&months=60 Tea prices Amount of tea [produced] in China [in a given year]
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